RoRo vs container vs flat rack - which for an excavator?
For most used excavators, RoRo (Roll-on/Roll-off) is the most cost-effective method for machines that can roll onto the vessel, while container shipping suits smaller excavators that fit inside a standard container, and flat rack is best for larger machines that exceed container dimensions but cannot be driven onto a RoRo vessel. The right choice depends on your excavator's size, weight, destination port facilities, and budget. ExcaYard, a China used excavator export specialist based in Hefei, Anhui, handles all three methods and will recommend the optimal solution based on your specific machine and route.
Understanding the Three Shipping Methods
Each method has distinct advantages and limitations. RoRo vessels are designed for wheeled or tracked cargo that can be driven on and off. Container shipping involves loading the excavator into a standard 20ft or 40ft container, often after partial disassembly. Flat rack containers are open-top, open-sided platforms ideal for oversized cargo that cannot fit in a standard container but can be lifted or rolled onto the flat rack.
RoRo (Roll-on/Roll-off)
RoRo is often the default for used excavators because it requires minimal preparation. The machine is driven onto the vessel under its own power or towed. This method is typically the most economical for excavators that are operational and can be moved. However, RoRo schedules are less frequent than container services, and not all ports have RoRo terminals. Additionally, RoRo shipping exposes the machine to weather and potential minor damage during transit, though it is generally secure.
Container Shipping
Container shipping offers protection from the elements and is available to most ports worldwide. For excavators, a 20ft container can accommodate smaller models (typically up to 5-8 tons) after removing the cab or tracks, while a 40ft container can fit larger machines (up to 15-20 tons) with partial disassembly. Container shipping is often faster and more predictable than RoRo, but the disassembly and reassembly costs can add up. It is also the most secure method against theft and damage.
Flat Rack
Flat rack containers are open platforms with no sides or top, allowing oversized cargo to be loaded. They are suitable for excavators that are too large for a standard container but cannot be driven onto a RoRo vessel due to port constraints or machine condition. Flat racks are more expensive than RoRo and container, and the machine must be secured with lashing and often covered with a tarp for protection. Flat rack shipping is ideal for very large excavators (30+ tons) or when the destination port lacks RoRo facilities.
Key Factors When Choosing a Method
Several factors influence the best shipping method for your excavator. Consider the machine's dimensions and weight, your budget, the destination port's capabilities, and the urgency of delivery. ExcaYard's 150-point pre-shipment inspection includes photos and video, hours verification, and paint-thickness checks, ensuring your machine is ready for the chosen method. Export certifications such as SONCAP (Nigeria), SABER (Saudi Arabia), PVoC (Kenya/Tanzania/Ghana), GSA (Ghana), and KEBS are handled by ExcaYard, regardless of shipping method.
| Factor | RoRo | Container | Flat Rack |
|---|---|---|---|
| Typical excavator size | Any size that can roll | Up to 20 tons (with disassembly) | 20-50+ tons |
| Relative cost | Low to medium | Medium (plus disassembly) | High |
| Transit time (CIF) | 28-45 days | 28-45 days | 28-45 days |
| Port availability | Limited to RoRo ports | Most ports | Most ports |
| Protection | Minimal | High | Medium (with tarp) |
| Preparation needed | Minimal | Disassembly required | Securing and tarping |
Cost Considerations and Price Factors
Shipping costs vary based on method, route, and machine size. RoRo is typically the cheapest for operational excavators, with indicative rates often 10-20% lower than container shipping for similar routes. Container shipping adds costs for disassembly, crating, and reassembly, which can range from a few hundred to over a thousand USD depending on the machine. Flat rack is the most expensive, often 30-50% higher than RoRo, due to the specialized equipment and securing requirements. ExcaYard provides FOB or CIF quotes, with default ports Shanghai, Ningbo, Qingdao, and Tianjin. Payment is accepted via T/T USD wire, L/C through Bank of China, or Wise. For a detailed quote, contact ExcaYard via T/T or L/C.
Documentation and Certifications
Regardless of shipping method, ExcaYard handles all necessary export documentation, including commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, and certificate of origin. For destination-specific requirements, ExcaYard manages certifications such as SONCAP for Nigeria, SABER for Saudi Arabia, PVoC for Kenya, Tanzania, and Ghana, GSA for Ghana, and KEBS. These certifications ensure smooth customs clearance. ExcaYard serves Africa, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Latin America, and CIS regions. For more information on shipping to specific countries, see shipping to Mexico.
Lead Time and Logistics
Typical CIF lead time is 28-45 days port-to-port, regardless of method. However, container shipping may require additional time for disassembly and packing, while RoRo and flat rack are generally quicker to load. ExcaYard's 150-point inspection is conducted before shipment, and you receive photos and video for approval. The inspection includes hours verification and paint-thickness checks to confirm machine condition. Once approved, ExcaYard arranges transport to the port and handles all export formalities. For urgent shipments, RoRo is often the fastest if a vessel is available.
Frequently asked questions
Which shipping method is best for a 20-ton excavator?
For a 20-ton excavator, container shipping is often the most practical if the machine can be partially disassembled to fit into a 40ft container. However, if the excavator is operational and the destination port has RoRo facilities, RoRo is typically more cost-effective. Flat rack is an option if the machine cannot be disassembled or if RoRo is unavailable, but it is the most expensive.
Can I ship an excavator in a container without disassembly?
Generally, no. Most excavators, even smaller ones, require some disassembly (such as removing the cab or tracks) to fit into a standard container. The exact requirements depend on the machine's dimensions. ExcaYard's team can advise on the feasibility and cost of container shipping for your specific model.
What are the payment terms for shipping?
ExcaYard accepts T/T USD wire, L/C through Bank of China, and Wise. Payment terms are typically 30% deposit upon order confirmation, with the balance paid before shipment. For full details, visit our T/T or L/C page.
Ready to ship your excavator? Contact ExcaYard on WhatsApp at +86 193 9277 7259 for a personalized quote and shipping recommendation.
